Nrog cov kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv mus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, ntau lub tshuab nres tsheb ntse tshiab tau siv rau cov khoom nres tsheb. Cov chaw nres tsheb ntse tuaj yeem paub lub sijhawm hloov kho tshiab los ntawm kev sib txuas lus wireless wireless, daim ntawv tso cai phaj paub technology, kev them nyiaj mobile thev naus laus zis, kev siv thev naus laus zis, GPS chaw tso thev naus laus zis, GIS thev naus laus zis thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib sau, tswj, nug, chaw thiab kev qhia txog chaw nres tsheb hauv nroog. Cov. Lus nug, kev tshwj tseg ntawm chaw nres tsheb cov khoom siv thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kev pabcuam kev tsav tsheb.
